Stephen Mihm, Columnist

Send Noncompete Agreements Back to the Middle Ages

The free flow of employees and ideas encourages innovation. Just ask Silicon Valley.

They forgot to think ahead.

Photographer: Bryan Mitchell/Bloomberg

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Noncompete agreements, once restricted to tech workers and high-level executives, have become commonplace among ordinary workers, including security guards, home health aides or hair stylists. If history is any guide, the spread of these contracts could have far-reaching negative implications for the U.S. economy.

Critics oppose requiring ordinary, low-skill workers to comply with these restrictions, arguing they should be reserved for well-compensated employees who benefit from specialized training and investment. But the history of these covenants suggests that there’s a strong economic case for banning them entirely.